St. John's Law Review

Are You Simply Sleeping Your Way to the Top or Creating an Actionable Hostile Work Environment?: A Critique of Miller v. Department of Corrections in the Title VII Context

By: Christina J. Fletcher

In today’s work-obsessed and job-focused culture with ever increasing time being spent at work, office romances are commonplace.  Substantial risks can arise when those relationships are between subordinates and supervisors. One potential risk is sexual favoritism, which occurs when a supervisor provides preferential job benefits to a subordinate with whom he is having a sexual relationship. Recently, the California Supreme Court in Miller v. Department of Corrections unanimously held that consensual sexual relationships that result in favoritism in the workplace may constitute sexual harassment of employees who were not so favored.  The media and legal community recognized that Miller was “groundbreaking” in its proclamation that a consensual sexual relationship between a boss and a subordinate could create a sexual harassment claim for a separate group of employees.  However, this Comment argues that from the viewpoint of a Title VII sexual harassment claimant, the narrow analysis the Miller court used in arriving at its holding was not at all “groundbreaking” and, in fact, creates numerous barriers for victims of sexual favoritism.  Further the Miller court’s focus on the narrow guidelines issued by the EEOC as the way in which a sexual favoritism claim should be analyzed significantly disadvantages Title VII claimants. 

This Comment explains that while the Miller court came to the correct conclusion that sexual favoritism can be grounds for an actionable hostile environment sexual harassment claim, the court’s analysis of the issue and use of narrow EEOC guidelines in arriving at that conclusion was not only unnecessary in light of current sexual harassment jurisprudence but will likely be fatal to Title VII plaintiffs if later courts follow Miller and similarly analyze sexual favoritism claims.  Thus, while Miller is viewed by many as providing a new basis of relief for plaintiffs, the road for such plaintiffs includes many obstacles.  This Comment explores these obstacles erected by the Miller court’s analysis and provides a recommendation for overcoming such barriers to sexual favoritism claims in the Title VII arena.